Henrietta Cavendish Holles, Countess of Oxford (1694–1755), ...

Henrietta Cavendish Holles, Countess of Oxford (1694–1755), and James West (1703–1772) An Archive of Correspondence, 1745–1746. Including the Jacobite Rising of 1745. Thirty nine manuscript letters and associated documents, principally correspondence between Henrietta Cavendish Holles, Countess of Oxford and Mortimer, and James West, together with letters from other correspondents, including Samuel Tyler; dated April 1745–April 1746; predominantly folded bifolia, many retaining integral address panels, postal markings and remnants of wax seals; historic folds, occasional spotting, tears and handling wear; generally very good condition, although the letter dated 22 September 1745 has substantial tears, paper losses and historic repairs, and that of 30 April 1746 has significant loss to the address leaf, not affecting the principal text. (39) An extensive correspondence documenting the Jacobite rising of 1745, the movement of military intelligence, preparations for local defence and the Countess's financial support for troops raised against the rebellion; together with matters concerning the administration of her estates, financial arrangements, political affairs and family correspondence. Selected contents: 6 April 1745, annuities and Derbyshire estate affairs; 10 June 1745, Robert Wilmot concerning commissions and legal trust arrangements; 4 July 1745, Francis Johnson concerning farming, rents and estate management; 22 September 1745, Samuel Tyler's immediate account of the Jacobite victory at Prestonpans, written the day after the battle, describing the arrival of express intelligence, the Highland charge, the flight of government troops and the capture of their arms and ammunition, reporting that "the Highlanders Rush'd in on the Kings forces with Sword in hand and Cut the foot almost all to pieces"; 25 September 1745, military intelligence concerning Scotland and northern England; 5 October 1745, the Countess describes preparations for local defence, declaring "The Spirit of Loyalty & in Defence of Religion & Liberty appears in this, & all the adjacent Counties, very universally", recording subscriptions of £1,000 each from the Dukes of Newcastle and Kingston, £400 from Lord Middleton and £200 each from Lord Byron and Lord Robert Sutton; 11 November 1745, the Countess requests further intelligence concerning the "Unnatural & Rapacious Rebells", confirming her own subscription of £200 towards troops raised in Nottinghamshire, together with substantial financial arrangements for Welbeck; 27 November 1745, contradictory reports of French intervention, including rumours that 10,000 French troops had landed at Boston, Lincolnshire, and that British forces had sunk forty transports and captured six men-of-war, the Countess observing "thus varies our intelligence"; 14 December 1745, the Jacobite retreat from Derby, the Countess questioning reports of rebel depredations and observing that "no English of any Fortune or Family have joined them, in their long Ramble in this Kingdom"; 26 February 1745/6, political correspondence concerning Dutch troops and the financial burden of war; 8 March 1745/6, the Countess discusses the continuing rebellion, the Duke of Cumberland and Britain's military commitments in Flanders, declaring "I Hope the Ministry will take care of our own Dominions, before We wast Time, Blood & Money, for the Benefit of our Allies"; 26 March 1746, the recovery of estate debts, financial assistance to Grace Cole and improvements to Welbeck; 3 April 1746, Lady Nassau Powlett concerning annuities and financial interests; 30 April 1746, following the Battle of Culloden, the Countess celebrates the government's victory, declaring "I Heartily rejoice with you on the Duke of Cumberland's Victory, & Hope it will have the good Effect you mention"; further correspondence concerning estate revenues, creditors and financial arrangements. A substantial and coherent body of contemporary correspondence illustrating the progress of the Jacobite rising, from the Battle of Prestonpans to the government victory at Culloden, the circulation of military intelligence and the mobilisation of the English aristocracy in defence of the Hanoverian government, alongside the personal and financial affairs of one of Britain's most prominent aristocratic families.

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