CHINA--EMPIRE. Lot of (6). 1911 5% Imperial Chinese Government Hukuang

CHINA--EMPIRE. Lot of (6). 1911 5% Imperial Chinese Government Hukuang Railways Sinking Fund Gold Loan. Bonds for 20 Pounds. K-230, K-232 and K-234. Very Fine to Extremely Fine. Issued by HSBC, Banque de l'Indo-Chine, and Deutsch-Asiatische Bank, respectively. According to Kuhlmann, 2338, 35,067, and 28,959 bonds remain outstanding, respectively. This loan was intended to fund the construction of the Guangzhou-Hankou and Sichuan-Hankou Railways. The loan was authorised for ten million pounds, with the initial six million split equally among a consortium of four banks (the three above plus J.P. Morgan and Co.). The Qing government's decision to nationalise railways and cede control to foreign banks outraged local gentry and merchants, causing instability and igniting the Xinhai Revolution in October 1911, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. An infamous loan that has its place in Chinese history! Estimate: $300 - $500. Provenance: From the Yang Ai Hao Collection. 1911年大清政府湖廣鐵路5%償債基金金債券20鎊。六張。 分別由滙豐銀行、東方匯理銀行及德華銀行發行。據庫爾曼記載，存世量分別僅餘2,338張、35,067張及28,959張。 此借款旨在資助粵漢鐵路與川漢鐵路之建設。借款核准額為一千萬英鎊，首期六百萬英鎊由四家銀行組成之銀團均分發行（上述三家加上J.P.摩根公司）。清廷強行宣布「鐵路國有化」並將控制權出讓予外國財團的決策，引爆了地方士紳商賈的強烈抗爭，最終點燃1911年10月的辛亥革命，徹底終結了中國兩千多年的帝制。這筆惡名昭彰的借款，也在中國近代史上留下了濃墨重彩的一頁。

Estimación:€133.35

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